Strings

Sequence Types

• Sequences allow you to store multiple values in an organized and efficient way.
• There are seven sequence types: strings, Unicode strings, lists, tuples, bytearrays, buffers, and xrange objects.
• Nothing to worry looking at this long list, you will get to know it gradually.

Python Strings

• Strings are sequence of characters.
• Let us see some examples of String: "My name is Rahul", "Rahul", "Go home". All these are examples of String.
• In Python, Strings are called str.
• There is a specific way of defining String in Python – it is defined within single quote (‘) or double quotes (“) or even triple quotes (“‘).

Accessing String Elements

• Square brackets can be used to access elements of the string.
• Remember that the first character has index 0.
• Index refers to position of a character in a string. In python index number starts from 0.
• Example:
  
  a = "Hello, World!"
  print(a[1])
• Will give an output e. Can you understand why?

• Hope you got the answer to the previous question now!

String Slicing

• We can also call out a range of characters from the string using string slicing.
• Specify the start index and the end index, separated by a colon, to return a part of the string. Note that the character of the end index is not included.
• Suppose we want to print World from the string “Hello World”. We can do so as below:

Negative Indexing

If we have a long string and we want to pinpoint an item towards the end, we can also count backwards from the end of the string, starting at the index number -1.

Printing ‘r’ from the string:

a = "Hello, World!
print(a[-4])
Get the characters from position -5 to position -3, starting the count from the end of the string:
print(a[-5:-2])

String Concatenation

• String concatenation means adding strings together.
• Use the + character to add a variable to another variable:
• Example:

• Another example:
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x = "Python is "
y = "awesome"
z = x + y
print(z)

• Output: Python is awesome

String Concatenation: Add Space

• We can also add spaces between two strings

String Length

To get the length of a string, use the len( ) function.

Getting length of the string a

a = "Hello, World!"

print(len(a))

Output: 13

String Methods

• Python has a set of built-in methods that you can use on strings.
• Must learn: Learn about important string methods from the below cheatsheet: Python String Methods Cheatsheet
• Tip: If you are unable to follow, run the code and make out the difference.